Mu 2010, Geim ndi Novosilov adapambana mphotho ya Nobel muzochitika pantchito yawo pa graphene. Mphothoyi yasokoneza anthu ambiri. Kupatula apo, si chikhada chilichonse cha nolbel chilichonse chofala ngati tepi yomatira, osati chinthu chilichonse chofufuzira chomwe chili ngati chamatsenga komanso chosavuta kumvetsetsa ngati "graphene iwiri". Ntchito mu 2004 itha kuperekedwa mu 2010, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri mphotho ya Nobel m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Graphene ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomwe chili ndi ma atomu amodzi a kaboni adakonzedwa bwino kwambiri. Monga diamondi, graphite, Fulllene, kaboni nanotubes ndi kabonious carboous, ndi chinthu (chinthu chosavuta) chopangidwa ndi zinthu za kaboni. Monga taonera m'chigawo pansipa, mokwanira ndi mabatani a kaboni amatha kuonedwa ngati ophatikizidwa mwanjira ina kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la graphene, yomwe imakhazikika ndi zigawo zambiri za graphene. Kafukufukuyu amafufuza za graphene kuti afotokozere zomwe zinthu zosavuta zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zizikhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 60, koma zimakhulupirira kuti zinthu ziwiri zoterezi ndizovuta zomwe zimakhalapo zokhazokha, amangophatikizidwa ndi gawo lamitundu itatu kapena zinthu zamkati ngati graphite. Sizinali mpaka 2004 kuti andre giamu ndi wophunzira wake Konstantin Novofelyov anavula wosanjikiza wa graphene poyesa kuti kafukufuku wa Graphene adapeza zatsopano.
Onse awiri (kumanzere) ndi kaboni nanotube (pakati) imatha kuwonedwa ngati yolumikizidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za graphene kudzera muyeso wa a Van Der Waals.
Masiku ano, Graphene ikhoza kupezeka m'njira zambiri, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zabwino zawo komanso zowopsa. Geim ndi Novoselov adalandira graphene m'njira yosavuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiko owoneka bwino opezeka m'masitolo akuluakulu, adavula graphene, pepala lalikulu ndi gawo limodzi lokha la carbon matomu okwanira, kuchokera pa graphy graphite yayikulu. Izi ndizosavuta, koma zowongolera sizili bwino, komanso graphene yokhala ndi microns microns (gawo limodzi la magawo khumi a millimeter) imatha kupezeka, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa, koma ndizovuta kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandiza ntchito. Mankhwala owoneka bwino amatha kukula ndi magawa ndi kukula kwa masentimita ambiri pachitsulo. Ngakhale malowo omwe ali ndi madera ogwirizana ndi ma microns 100,4], zakhala zoyenera pakupanga mapulogalamu ena. Njira inanso yofala ndikutenthetsa carbide (sic) kopitilira 1100 ℃ ma atomu otsala, ndipo amathanso kupeza zitsanzo za graphene.
Graphene ndi nkhani yatsopano yokhala ndi zinthu zapadera: zamagetsi ake ndizabwino kwambiri monga mkuwa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafuta amaposa zinthu zilizonse zodziwika. Ndizowonekeratu. Gawo laling'ono lokha (2.3%) kuwala kowoneka bwino kudzatengeka ndi graphene, ndipo kuwala kwakukulu kumadutsa. Ndiwowomba kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale ma atomu a helky (mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono) sangathe kudutsa. Izi zamatsenga sizitengera mwachindunji kuchokera kwa graphite, koma kuchokera kumakina a kangarangu. Magetsi ake apadera ndi owoneka bwino amazindikira kuti ili ndi chiyembekezo chothandiza ntchito.
Ngakhale Graphene wangowonekera kwa zaka zosakwana khumi, zawonetsa ntchito zambiri zaukadaulo, zomwe ndizosowa kwambiri m'minda ya sayansi ndi sayansi. Zimatenga zaka zoposa khumi kapena ngakhale zaka makumi khumi kuti zipangidwe kuchokera ku labotale moyo weniweni. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito graphene ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo ziwiri.
Electrode yofewa
M'mayiko ambiri amagetsi, zinthu zowoneka bwino zimafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrodes. Malonda amagetsi, owerengera, ma TV, owonetsera zamadzimadzi, kukhudza makanema, ma solar mapane ndi zida zina zambiri sangachokere kupezeka kwa electrodes owonekera. Ma elekitirole electrode amagwiritsa ntchito itium tin in oxide (iyo). Chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera komanso kupezeka kochepa kwa Indium, zinthuzo ndizowoneka zopanda tanthauzo komanso kusowa kwa kusinthasintha, ndipo ma elekitirode amafunikira kuti asulidwe pakati pa vacuum, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi akhala akuyesera kupeza choloweza. Kuphatikiza pa zofuna za kuwonekera, kukonzekera bwino komanso kukonzekera bwino, ngati kusinthana kwa zinthuzo ndikwabwino, zidzakhala zoyenera kupanga "pepala lamagetsi" kapena zida zina zowoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha ndikofunikanso. Graphene ndi zinthu zotere, zomwe ndioyenera kwambiri ma electrodis.
Ofufuzawo ochokera ku Samsung ndi Chengjunguan yunivesite ku South Korea adapeza graphene yokhala ndi mainchesi 30 a microncylene terefur (4]. Monga taonera m'chigawo pansipa, graphene idakula pa chinsalu cha mkuwa ndi yolumikizidwa koyamba ndi njira yolumikizidwa ndi mankhwala), kenako graphene ya mkuwa imasamutsidwa ku filimu yotentha ndi kutentha .
Zida zatsopano za Photoreelectric
Graphene ili ndi malo owoneka bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale pali ma atomu amodzi okha, imatha kuyamwa 2.3% ya kuwala kotulutsidwa pamtundu wonse kuchokera kuunika kowoneka kuti ukuonekera. Nambalayi ilibe kanthu kochita ndi magawo ena a graphene ndipo imatsimikiziridwa ndi ma electontroynames [6]. Kuwala kopepuka kudzatsogolera ku m'badwo waonyamula (ma elekitoni ndi mabowo). M'badwo ndi kunyamula kwa onyamula ku graphene ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi iwo omwe ali mu miyambo yachikhalidwe. Izi zimapangitsa graphene kukhala ndi zida zokwanira zithunzi. Akuyerekeza kuti zida zofanizira zofanizira zoterezi zimatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kwa 500gz. Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza chizindikiro, imatha kufalitsa zigawo 500 biliyoni kapena ena mwa mphindi ziwiri, ndikumaliza kufalitsa zomwe zili mu ma disc awiri a Blu Ray.
Akatswiri ochokera ku Ibm Thomas J. Watson Reale Kafukufuku ku United States agwiritsa ntchito graphene kupanga zida za PhoeElelelelectric zomwe zingagwire ntchito pa 10GZ Frequency [8]. Choyamba, graphene flakes adakonzedwa pakhungu la silika wokutidwa ndi 300 nm ndi "njira yopondera pisi" Mwanjira imeneyi, graphene yochokera ku Photoelectric intuction imapezeka.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha graphene chojambula zithunzi zojambula ndi ma microscope a elekitopu a elekitopu (Semu) Zithunzi za zitsanzo zenizeni. Mzere wamfupi wamkati womwe umafanana ndi Microns 5, ndipo mtunda pakati pa mizere yachitsulo ndi micron imodzi.
Chifukwa cha zoyeserera, ofufuzawo adawona kuti chitsulo chachitsulo chizitsulo chogwirizira Phokoso la Photoelectlic Ittiction ITUTION silingayankhe kuwunikira motalikiratu. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa graphene Photoelelectric inveraction zidali ndi chipinda chabwino kuti musinthe. Kuchita kwake kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi chiyembekezo chochuluka, kuphatikizana kulumikizana, kuwongolera kutali ndi chilengedwe.
Monga nkhani yatsopano yokhala ndi malo apadera, kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito graphene akukambirana wina. Zimakhala zovuta kuti tiwadziwitse pano. M'tsogolomu, pakhoza kukhala zotupa machubu opangidwa ndi graphene, kumasuka kwa maselo opangidwa ndi graphene ndi zojambulajambula zopangidwa ndi labotale m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Titha kuyembekeza kuti zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zogwiritsa ntchito graphene zizipezeka posachedwa. Ganizirani zosangalatsa zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa
Post Nthawi: Mar-09-2022